| Urdu confused with Hindi | Spoken closeness hides a different script and a Persian/Arabic vocabulary. Hindi handling misses the Urdu register and, for the reader, the brief. | We translate exclusively into standard Urdu with its Persianate vocabulary, kept distinct from Hindi. |
| Nastaʿliq replaced by Naskh | Urdu's normal style is Nastaʿliq; set in Arabic Naskh, a document reads as foreign to a native. | Urdu is set in Nastaʿliq, so the document looks right to the receiving reader. |
| Missing Urdu-specific letters | Urdu has letters beyond the Arabic set. Dropped or substituted, words and names are misspelled. | The full Urdu alphabet is used, so every sound and name is correct. |
| Urdu digits confused with Arabic | Urdu and Arabic shape some digits differently. Confused, dates and numbers on certificates go wrong. | Numerals are set in their correct Urdu forms and verified against the text. |
| Wrong politeness level (آپ/تم/تُو) | Urdu grades address by respect (آپ/تم/تُو). The wrong level is impolite or too familiar for the document. | The right level of address is chosen for the document and relationship. |
| Latin & numbers scrambled in RTL (bidi) | Mixed Latin fragments and Western digits in a right-to-left text can reorder wrongly, breaking codes, dates and names. | Bidirectional layout is handled so Latin, numerals and Urdu sit in the correct order. |
| Names not transliterated to the passport | Urdu names romanise several ways (e.g. Muhammad/Mohammad). Guessed, the name diverges from the ID. | Names are transliterated to match the passport exactly, one consistent form across documents. |